Josef Koudelka (born 1938 in Boskovice, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech-born French photographer whose humanistic and poetic approach has made him one of the most influential figures in postwar European photography. Trained as an aeronautical engineer, he photographed theater and Roma communities throughout the 1960s before devoting himself to photography full-time in 1967.

Koudelka gained international recognition for his clandestine documentation of the Soviet invasion of Prague in August 1968. His photographs, smuggled out and published anonymously under the initials “P.P.” (Prague Photographer), became emblematic images of the Prague Spring and earned him the Robert Capa Gold Medal in 1969. Forced into exile, he left Czechoslovakia in 1970 and soon joined Magnum Photos, beginning decades of itinerant travel across Europe and beyond.

His landmark photobooks Gypsies (1975) and Exiles (1988) established his reputation for deeply empathetic, high-contrast black-and-white photography. Beginning in the late 1980s, he embraced panoramic cameras to create sweeping studies of borders, ruins, and landscapes in works such as Chaos (1999), Wall (2013), and Ruines (2020). These projects examine the relationship between humanity, conflict, and the environment, expanding his visual language while maintaining his commitment to clarity, intensity, and moral witness.

Koudelka has received major international awards—including the Prix Nadar, Grand Prix National de la Photographie, Cartier-Bresson Award, and the Hasselblad Award—and his work has been exhibited at MoMA, the International Center of Photography, the Stedelijk, the Palais de Tokyo, and the Pompidou Centre. Naturalized as a French citizen in 1987, he remains a defining voice in documentary and expressive photography.

Josef Koudelka (born 10 January 1938) is a Czech-born French photographer. He began photographing Romani communities in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, later publishing his iconic series Gypsies. In 1968 he documented the Soviet invasion of Prague, publishing the images anonymously as ‘P.P.’ to avoid reprisal. He left Czechoslovakia in 1970 and gained asylum in the United Kingdom, later moving to France. Since 1971 he has been a member of Magnum Photos. His later works include the long-term Exiles project and panoramic landscapes. He received the Hasselblad Award in 1992 and continues to work with panoramic cameras.